Code Reference
ElectricalNEC 2023

Section 210.52(C)/Kitchen and Dining Area Countertop Receptacles

NEC 210.52(C) specifies the spacing and circuit requirements for receptacles serving kitchen and dining area countertop surfaces in dwelling units.

What this section requires

In dwelling unit kitchens and dining areas, receptacle outlets must be installed at each wall countertop space 12 inches or wider. No point along the wall line behind a countertop surface may be more than 24 inches (measured horizontally) from a receptacle outlet, effectively requiring a receptacle at least every 48 inches along the countertop. Countertop spaces separated by rangetops, sinks, or refrigerators are considered separate spaces, each requiring compliance independently. On island and peninsular countertops, at least one receptacle must be provided for each countertop that is 24 inches or more in length and 12 inches or more in width. Countertop receptacles must be served by a minimum of two 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits per Section 210.11(C)(1). All kitchen countertop receptacles require GFCI protection.

Why this section exists

Kitchen countertops are the location of the highest concentration of portable appliance use in a dwelling. The spacing requirements ensure a receptacle is always within reach of a short appliance cord, eliminating the temptation to use extension cords on countertops. The two-circuit minimum distributes the load so a single tripped breaker does not disable all kitchen receptacles. The island and peninsula requirements address the trend toward large kitchen islands that need countertop power for food preparation.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers measure countertop lengths on the kitchen plan and verify no point is more than 24 inches from a receptacle. They check that each countertop space 12 inches or wider has a receptacle. They verify island and peninsular countertops have at least one receptacle. They check that countertop receptacles are served by at least two 20-amp small-appliance circuits on the panel schedule.

Common violations

No receptacle on island countertop
A kitchen island with a 48-inch by 30-inch countertop has no receptacle. Islands 24 inches or more long and 12 inches or more wide require at least one receptacle outlet.
Gap exceeds 48 inches between receptacles
A 10-foot countertop run has receptacles at each end only (120 inches apart). No point may be more than 24 inches from a receptacle, requiring at least one additional receptacle in the center of the run.
Compliance tip
Dimension each countertop space on the kitchen electrical plan and mark receptacle locations. Show the 24-inch measurement from each countertop end and verify no gap exceeds 48 inches. Label island and peninsula receptacles. On the panel schedule, identify the two 20-amp small-appliance circuits and note GFCI protection.
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Related sections

210.8GFCI Protection RequirementsNEC 2023210.11Branch Circuits RequiredNEC 2023210.52Dwelling Unit Receptacle OutletsNEC 2023

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