Code Reference
ArchitecturalANSI A117.1-2017

Section 804.1/Accessible Kitchens

ANSI A117.1 Section 804 covers accessible kitchen clearances, work surface heights, sink access, and appliance controls.

What this section requires

Accessible kitchens in dwelling units must provide a clearance of at least 40 inches between opposing counters, cabinets, and appliances (60 inches for a U-shaped kitchen). At least one work surface must be 34 inches maximum above the floor with knee and toe clearance for a forward approach. The sink must be a maximum of 34 inches to the rim with knee and toe clearance below (exposed pipes must be insulated or covered to prevent burns). At least 50 percent of shelf space in wall cabinets must be within reach range (48 inches maximum above the floor for a side approach). Appliance controls must be operable with one hand without tight grasping.

Why this section exists

A kitchen with standard 36-inch counters and 24-inch clearances is unusable for a wheelchair user. The wheelchair footprint requires wider aisles, and the counter and sink heights must allow a forward approach with knee clearance underneath. Elevated wall cabinets are unreachable from a wheelchair, so at least half the shelf space must be within the reach range. These requirements make the kitchen functional for wheelchair users and people with limited reach.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers check the kitchen floor plan for the 40-inch clearance (60-inch for U-shaped) between opposing elements. They verify the work surface height (34 inches maximum) with knee clearance shown on the section detail. They check the sink rim height and knee clearance below. They verify reach ranges to appliance controls and cabinet shelves. They check for pipe insulation under the accessible sink.

Common violations

Kitchen clearance too narrow
A galley kitchen has 36 inches between opposing counters. The minimum is 40 inches to allow wheelchair passage and turning.
No lowered work surface
All kitchen counters are at the standard 36-inch height with no knee clearance below. At least one section must be at 34 inches maximum with knee and toe clearance for a forward approach.
Compliance tip
Show kitchen clearances on the floor plan with dimensions between opposing counters. Detail the lowered work surface and sink with knee clearance in section view. Note the maximum height (34 inches to counter/sink rim). Show pipe insulation at the accessible sink. Verify reach ranges to controls and cabinet shelves.
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Related sections

404.1Accessible Door RequirementsADA 2010604.5Grab Bar Requirements at Water ClosetsANSI A117.1-2017603.1Accessible Toilet and Bathing RoomsANSI A117.1-2017