Code Reference
MechanicalASHRAE 55-2020

Section 6.1.1/Design Criteria for Occupied Spaces

ASHRAE 55 Section 6.1 covers thermal comfort design criteria including operative temperature ranges and humidity limits.

What this section requires

Occupied spaces must be designed to maintain conditions within the comfort zones defined by ASHRAE 55. The comfort zone depends on the metabolic rate of the occupants (sedentary office work vs. light activity), the clothing insulation level (winter vs. summer), and the combination of operative temperature and humidity. For typical office conditions (1.0 met, 0.5 clo in summer), the acceptable operative temperature range is approximately 73 to 79 degrees F with relative humidity between 30% and 60%. The standard also limits radiant temperature asymmetry, draft rate, and vertical air temperature difference.

Why this section exists

Thermal discomfort is the leading cause of occupant complaints in commercial buildings. A building that meets energy code requirements may still have uncomfortable conditions if the HVAC system creates drafts, hot spots, cold spots, or excessive humidity. ASHRAE 55 defines the specific conditions that satisfy at least 80% of occupants and provides the design criteria that HVAC systems must achieve. Many green building rating systems and building codes reference ASHRAE 55 for thermal comfort compliance.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers check the mechanical design documents for the indoor design conditions (temperature and humidity setpoints). They verify the design conditions fall within the ASHRAE 55 comfort zones for the expected activity level. They check for potential comfort issues such as large glazing areas (radiant asymmetry), overhead diffusers near occupied zones (drafts), and perimeter heating adequacy in cold climates.

Common violations

Design temperature outside comfort zone
The mechanical design specifies a cooling setpoint of 72 degrees F but does not account for radiant effects from a large west-facing curtain wall. The operative temperature at the perimeter may exceed the comfort zone even when the air temperature is within range.
Humidity not addressed in design
The design documents specify temperature setpoints but do not address humidity control. In humid climates, spaces can be at the correct temperature but uncomfortably humid, especially during part-load conditions when the cooling system cycles without adequate dehumidification.
Compliance tip
State the indoor design conditions (temperature and humidity) on the mechanical drawings. Reference ASHRAE 55 for thermal comfort compliance. For spaces with large glazing areas, evaluate radiant temperature asymmetry. Address humidity control in the sequence of operations, especially for humid climates.
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Related sections

6.2.1Zone Outdoor Air RateASHRAE 62.1-20225.3.1Thermal Comfort CriteriaASHRAE 55-20207.1Local Thermal DiscomfortASHRAE 55-2020