Code Reference
MechanicalASHRAE 62.1-2022

Section 6.2.1/Zone Outdoor Air Rate

ASHRAE 62.1 Section 6.2.1 defines the breathing zone outdoor air rate equation with people and area components.

What this section requires

The breathing zone outdoor air rate (Vbz) for each zone is the sum of two components: the people outdoor air rate (Rp times the zone population Pz) plus the area outdoor air rate (Ra times the zone floor area Az). Rp and Ra values are provided in Table 6.2.2.1 for each occupancy category. The zone outdoor air rate (Voz) is then calculated by dividing Vbz by the zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez) from Table 6.2.2.2.

Why this section exists

The two-component ventilation rate procedure accounts for both occupant-generated contaminants (CO2, bioeffluents, addressed by the people rate Rp) and building-generated contaminants (off-gassing from materials, addressed by the area rate Ra). A conference room needs more outdoor air per person than an office because the occupant density is higher. A storage area needs less people-based ventilation but still needs area-based ventilation for building materials off-gassing.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers check the outdoor air calculation schedule for each zone. They verify that the correct Rp and Ra values from Table 6.2.2.1 are used for each space type, that the zone population matches the architectural occupant load, and that the zone air distribution effectiveness (Ez) is correctly applied (typically 1.0 for ceiling supply, 0.8 for floor supply heating mode).

Common violations

Wrong Rp or Ra for the occupancy category
Using office values (Rp = 5 cfm, Ra = 0.06 cfm/sf) for a conference room (Rp = 5 cfm, Ra = 0.06 cfm/sf but with much higher Pz per square foot) or for a classroom (Rp = 10 cfm).
Area component omitted from calculation
The outdoor air calculation includes only Rp times Pz and omits Ra times Az. Both components are required. Omitting the area component underestimates the outdoor air requirement, especially in low-density spaces.
Zone air distribution effectiveness not applied
The calculation goes directly from Vbz to the system outdoor air rate without dividing by Ez. For ceiling supply with ceiling return (Ez = 1.0), this has no effect, but for other configurations Ez reduces the efficiency and increases the required outdoor air.
Compliance tip
Include a ventilation calculation schedule on the mechanical drawings showing each zone: occupancy category, Rp, Ra, Pz, Az, Vbz, Ez, and Voz. Reference Table 6.2.2.1 for the Rp and Ra values and Table 6.2.2.2 for Ez.

Related ASHRAE 62.1 requirements

Section 6.2.2 covers the zone-level calculations in detail. Section 6.2.4 covers exhaust ventilation. Section 6.3.1 covers the system- level ventilation efficiency calculation for multi-zone systems. The IMC Table 403.3 provides equivalent prescriptive ventilation rates.

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Related sections

403.3Outdoor Air RateIMC 20216.2.2Ventilation Rate TableASHRAE 62.1-20226.3.1System Ventilation EfficiencyASHRAE 62.1-2022

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