Code Reference
Fire ProtectionNFPA 101

Section 7.7.1/Discharge from Exits

NFPA 101 Section 7.7 covers exit discharge requirements establishing that exits must lead to a public way or through a protected discharge path.

What this section requires

Exits must terminate directly at a public way or at an exterior exit discharge that provides a safe path to a public way. The exit discharge must be at least as wide as the exit it serves. Not more than 50 percent of the required number of exits may discharge through the level of exit discharge (typically the ground floor interior) before reaching the exterior, and only when the path is protected by automatic sprinklers, enclosed by fire-rated construction, and leads directly to an exterior exit door.

Why this section exists

The exit discharge is the final segment of the egress path. An exit stairway that ends in a basement instead of at grade, or that discharges into an unprotected lobby, defeats the purpose of the enclosed stairway. Occupants who have navigated through smoke-filled corridors and down enclosed stairways must be able to reach the exterior without re-entering a fire-exposed area. The 50 percent limit on interior discharge ensures that at least half the exits always lead directly outside.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers trace each exit from the stairway or exit passageway to the point where it reaches the exterior. They verify that each exit leads to a public way (street, alley, or open area) and that the path is clear of obstructions. If any exits discharge through the interior at the level of exit discharge, they verify the 50 percent limit, the sprinkler protection, the fire-rated enclosure, and the direct path to an exterior door.

Common violations

Exit stair continues past level of discharge
An exit stairway from upper floors continues past the ground floor to the basement without a physical barrier directing occupants to the ground floor exit door. Occupants descending in smoke can miss the exit level and end up trapped in the basement.
More than 50% of exits discharge through interior
Three of four exit stairways discharge through the ground floor lobby instead of directly to the exterior. Only two (50%) are permitted to discharge through the interior.
Compliance tip
Show the exit discharge path from each stairway to the public way on the ground floor plan. Highlight which exits discharge directly exterior and which go through the interior. For stairs that continue past the level of discharge, detail the signage and physical barriers that prevent occupants from bypassing the exit level.

Related NFPA 101 requirements

Section 7.2.1 covers exit door assemblies at the discharge point.Section 7.4.1 covers the number of exits required. Section 7.1.6 covers exit enclosure continuity. IBC Section 1028 covers the equivalent exit discharge requirements.

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Related sections

1006.2Minimum Number of ExitsIBC 20217.2.1Door AssembliesNFPA 1017.4.1Number of Means of EgressNFPA 101