Code Reference
MechanicalNFPA 90B

Section 4.1.1/Warm Air Heating System Installation

NFPA 90B Section 4.1 covers installation requirements for warm air heating systems in one and two-family dwellings.

What this section requires

Warm air furnaces and air conditioning equipment must be installed with the required clearances from combustible materials as specified by the manufacturer's listing and the equipment nameplate. Ducts must be constructed of metal or other approved materials. Supply ducts within 3 feet of the furnace plenum must be metal. Return air must not be taken from bathrooms, kitchens, garages, mechanical rooms, or any room where combustion equipment is located.

Why this section exists

Residential warm air heating systems are the most common HVAC system type in the United States. The installation requirements prevent fire hazards from equipment installed too close to combustible materials, from combustible duct materials near hot plenums, and from return air that draws hazardous contaminants (garage fumes, bathroom moisture, cooking grease) into the duct system and distributes them throughout the dwelling.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers check furnace locations for clearances from combustible walls, floors, and ceilings. They verify that duct materials near the furnace are metal. They check that return air grilles are not located in garages, bathrooms, kitchens, or rooms containing combustion equipment. They also verify that the furnace is accessible for service and filter replacement.

Common violations

Return air taken from garage
A return air grille or opening connects the garage to the HVAC duct system. This allows carbon monoxide and vehicle exhaust to be distributed throughout the dwelling. Return air from attached garages is strictly prohibited.
Combustible duct within 3 feet of plenum
Flexible duct or ductboard connects directly to the furnace plenum. The first 3 feet of duct from the plenum must be metal to prevent ignition from plenum temperatures.
Compliance tip
Show furnace clearances on the mechanical plan. Specify metal duct for the first 3 feet from the plenum. Verify that no return air openings connect to garages, bathrooms, kitchens, or combustion equipment rooms. Show the filter access location on the plan.

Related NFPA 90B requirements

Section 5.1 covers duct construction requirements. NFPA 90A covers the equivalent requirements for commercial and larger buildings. IMC Section 306 covers equipment clearance requirements in the International Mechanical Code.

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Related sections

306.5Equipment Access and Service ClearancesIMC 20214.3.1Duct Construction and Fire ProtectionNFPA 90A5.1.1Residential Duct RequirementsNFPA 90B