Code Reference
MechanicalNFPA 90B

Section 6.1.1/Warm Air Heating Equipment Installation

NFPA 90B Section 6.1 covers furnace installation clearances, return air restrictions, and combustion air for residential heating.

What this section requires

Warm air furnaces must be installed with minimum clearances to combustible materials as specified by the manufacturer's listing and the equipment label. The supply plenum must be constructed of galvanized steel or equivalent noncombustible material for at least 3 feet from the furnace. Return air openings must not be located in a garage, storage closet, or space containing fuel-fired equipment (to prevent drawing combustion products or flammable vapors into the return air system). The furnace must have adequate combustion air per Section 5.1.

Why this section exists

Residential furnaces generate heat surfaces that can ignite nearby combustible materials. The clearance requirements prevent ignition of wood framing, insulation, and stored materials near the furnace. The return air restrictions prevent the HVAC system from distributing carbon monoxide from a water heater or furnace malfunction, or flammable vapors from a garage, throughout the occupied spaces. These are among the most common sources of residential fire and carbon monoxide incidents.

What plan reviewers look for

Plan reviewers check the mechanical plan for furnace clearances to surrounding combustible construction. They verify the supply plenum material (noncombustible for the first 3 feet). They check that return air grilles are not located in garages, mechanical closets with fuel-fired equipment, or storage spaces. They verify combustion air provisions for the furnace location.

Common violations

Return air grille in garage
A return air grille is located in the garage wall or ceiling. This creates a direct path for vehicle exhaust (carbon monoxide) and flammable vapors (gasoline) to enter the occupied space through the HVAC system.
Combustible material within clearance zone
Combustible storage shelving or insulation is shown within the required clearance zone around the furnace. The clearance zone must be maintained and noted on the drawings.
Compliance tip
Show furnace clearances on the mechanical plan. Note the supply plenum material for the first 3 feet. Verify return air grille locations are not in garages or fuel equipment rooms. Include combustion air provisions. Reference the manufacturer's installation manual for listed clearances.
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Related sections

4.1.1Warm Air Heating System InstallationNFPA 90B5.1.1Residential Duct RequirementsNFPA 90B303.3Combustion Air RequirementsUMC 2021