Section 306.1/Knee and Toe Clearance
ADA 2010 Section 306 specifies minimum knee and toe clearance at elements requiring a forward wheelchair approach.
Where a forward approach is required and knee clearance is needed, the space under the element must be at least 11 inches deep at 9 inches above the floor (toe clearance) and at least 8 inches deep at 27 inches above the floor (knee clearance). The knee clearance zone extends from 9 inches to 27 inches above the floor. Maximum depth of knee clearance is 25 inches at 9 inches AFF, tapering to at least 11 inches at 27 inches AFF.
Why this section exists
When a wheelchair user approaches an element from the front (such as a lavatory, counter, or desk), the wheelchair footrests and knees must fit under the element to allow the person to reach the controls or work surface. Without adequate knee and toe clearance, the wheelchair cannot pull close enough for the user to comfortably reach. Pipe insulation under lavatories is also required to prevent burns from exposed hot water pipes.
What plan reviewers look for
Plan reviewers check section details and elevations at accessible lavatories, counters, desks, and other forward-approach elements for knee and toe clearance dimensions. They verify that the apron height, pipe clearance, and any under-counter obstructions do not reduce the required clear space below the element.
Common violations
Related ADA requirements
Section 305 covers clear floor space dimensions. Section 606 covers lavatory-specific requirements including knee clearance. Section 902 covers dining and work surface clearances. Section 308 covers reach ranges from the clear floor space position.