Section 308.1/Reach Ranges
ADA 2010 Section 308 specifies maximum high and minimum low reach ranges for forward and side approaches to accessible elements.
Accessible elements must be within reach range for a person in a wheelchair. For an unobstructed forward approach, the maximum high forward reach is 48 inches above the floor and the minimum low forward reach is 15 inches. Where a forward reach is over an obstruction between 20 and 25 inches deep, the maximum high forward reach is reduced to 44 inches. Obstructions deeper than 25 inches are not permitted for forward approach. For an unobstructed side approach (parallel), the maximum high side reach is 48 inches and the minimum low side reach is 15 inches. Where a side reach is over an obstruction up to 10 inches deep, the reach range is unchanged. For obstructions between 10 and 24 inches deep, the maximum high side reach is reduced to 46 inches. A clear floor space of at least 30 by 48 inches must be provided at the element.
Why this section exists
Wheelchair users have a limited physical reach envelope compared to standing persons. The reach range dimensions are based on anthropometric data for manual wheelchair users and account for the wheelchair's footprint, armrests, and the user's seated position. The obstruction depth reductions address the reality that counters, shelves, and equipment often require reaching over a surface. These requirements apply to every operable element on an accessible route: light switches, thermostats, electrical outlets, fire alarm pull stations, elevator controls, dispensers, and appliance controls.
What plan reviewers look for
Plan reviewers check mounting heights for all operable elements on accessible routes. Common items checked include light switches (typically 48 inches max), thermostats, electrical receptacles (15 inches min), fire alarm pull stations, elevator call buttons, and paper towel dispensers. For elements mounted above counters or work surfaces, they verify the obstruction depth and apply the reduced reach range. In accessible toilet rooms, they check flush controls, dispenser heights, and accessory mounting heights against reach range requirements.